Which statement is true about arteries?

The statement about arteries containing thick layers of muscle and elastic fibers is true because these structural features are essential for their function. Arteries are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart, and they need to withstand and maintain high blood pressure generated by the heart's contractions. The thick muscular walls allow arteries to control blood flow by contracting or relaxing, while the elastic fibers enable them to stretch and recoil with each heartbeat. This elasticity helps to maintain blood pressure and ensure a continuous flow of blood, even between heartbeats.

In contrast, the other statements do not accurately reflect the characteristics of arteries. For instance, arteries do not have the largest lumen; that characteristic belongs to veins, which have wider lumens to accommodate the lower pressure of blood returning to the heart. Arteries also carry blood at high pressure, not low pressure, which is critical for propelling blood efficiently throughout the body. Lastly, arteries do not have permeable walls; that feature is typical of capillaries, which allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.