What type of cells make up phloem?

Phloem is a type of vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and organic compounds, particularly sugars, throughout the plant. The main components of phloem are living cells that are elongated. These cells are specifically known as sieve tubes, which are formed from elongated living cells that aid in the transportation of photosynthesis products.

Sieve tube elements lack some organelles, such as a nucleus, but they are alive and function effectively in nutrient transport. Additionally, they are accompanied by companion cells that support them in their functions, including the maintenance of metabolic activities.

In this context, dead cells such as those found in xylem do not play a role in phloem's function, as the conduction of sugars and other organic materials requires living cells. Root hair cells are specialized for water and mineral absorption, whereas meristem cells are involved in growth and development rather than in the function of phloem. Understanding the unique characteristics and functions of these various cell types showcases the complexity and efficiency of plant tissue systems.