What is the process called where a cell changes to become specialized for its function?

The process of differentiation refers to the way in which a cell undergoes a series of changes to become specialized for a specific function. During differentiation, stem cells or precursor cells develop into distinct cell types with unique structures and functions that enable them to perform particular tasks within an organism. This transformation is crucial for forming the various tissues and organs in a multicellular organism, as each specialized cell type plays a specific role in maintaining overall health and function.

Transcription involves the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA and is a critical step in gene expression, but it does not specifically relate to the specialized function of cells. Cell division is the process by which a cell divides to form new cells, which can lead to growth and repair, but by itself does not ensure that those new cells will become specialized. Diffusion is a physical process that involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, and while it is important in transport processes within cells, it does not describe a cellular specialization process. Differentiation is what specifically describes the change in a cell's form and function to fit its role in a complex organism.