How does obesity contribute to Type 2 diabetes?

Obesity contributes to Type 2 diabetes primarily because it makes the body less sensitive to insulin. In individuals with obesity, excess fat, particularly visceral fat around the abdomen, leads to an increase in inflammatory markers and hormonal changes that adversely affect how the body processes glucose. This state of insulin resistance means that even though the pancreas produces insulin, the cells do not respond to it effectively. Consequently, glucose remains in the bloodstream instead of being taken up by the cells for energy, leading to higher blood sugar levels that characterize Type 2 diabetes.

Insulin sensitivity is crucial for maintaining proper glucose homeostasis. When the body is less sensitive to insulin, it disrupts the delicate balance of blood glucose control, thus raising the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes over time. This understanding highlights the strong link between obesity and the metabolic dysfunctions that can contribute to diabetes.